About the Authors

Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen

Contributed equally to this work with: Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, Stephanie Roll

Affiliations Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Stephanie Roll

Contributed equally to this work with: Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, Stephanie Roll

stephanie.roll@charite.de

Affiliation Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Kai-Håkon Carlsen

Affiliations Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Voksentoppen, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway

Petter Mowinckel

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway

Alet H. Wijga

Affiliation Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Bert Brunekreef

Affiliations Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Maties Torrent

Affiliation Ib-salut Menorca Health Area and Fundacio Caubet-Cimera, Menorca, Spain

Graham Roberts

Affiliation The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

S. Hasan Arshad

Affiliation The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Inger Kull

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Ursula Krämer

Affiliation Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

Andrea von Berg

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany

Esben Eller

Affiliation Allergycenter, Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

Arne Høst

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

Claudia Kuehni

Affiliation Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Ben Spycher

Affiliation Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Jordi Sunyer

Affiliation Environmental Epidemiology Research Centre and Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica, Barcelona, Spain

Chih-Mei Chen

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Andreas Reich

Affiliation Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Anna Asarnoj

Affiliations Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Astrid Lindgrens' Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden

Carmen Puig

Affiliation Unitat recerca infancia i entorn, Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica - Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

Olf Herbarth

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig and Department of Human Exposure Research and Epidemiology, UFZ - Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Jestinah M. Mahachie John

Affiliations Dept. of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium, Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium, Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Kristel Van Steen

Affiliations Dept. of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium, Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium, Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Stefan N. Willich

Affiliation Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Ulrich Wahn

Affiliation Dept. for Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Susanne Lau

Affiliation Dept. for Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Thomas Keil

Affiliation Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KCLC SR SL TK. Performed the experiments: KCLC SR TK. Analyzed the data: SR AR PM JMMJ KVS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KHC AW BB MT GR SA IK AvB EE AH CK BS JS CMC AA CP OH SW UW UK. Wrote the paper: SR KCLC TK.