About the Authors

Duncan N. L. Menge

dmenge@princeton.edu

Affiliations Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Lars O. Hedin

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Stephen W. Pacala

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DNLM LOH SWP. Performed the experiments: DNLM SWP. Analyzed the data: DNLM LOH SWP. Wrote the paper: DNLM LOH SWP.