About the Authors

Steven D. Kunkel

Affiliations Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Christopher J. Elmore

Affiliation Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Kale S. Bongers

Affiliation Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Scott M. Ebert

Affiliation Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Daniel K. Fox

Affiliation Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Michael C. Dyle

Affiliation Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Steven A. Bullard

Affiliation Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Christopher M. Adams

christopher-adams@uiowa.edu

Affiliations Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Competing Interests

The University of Iowa Research Foundation has applied for patents related to this work (WO/2011/146768/A1, /PCT/US2011/037238, Methods for Inhibiting Muscle Atrophy). The authors also declare that CMA is a co-founder and officer of Emmyon, Inc. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SDK CMA. Performed the experiments: SDK CJE KSB SME DKF MCD SAB. Analyzed the data: SDK CJE CMA. Wrote the paper: SDK CMA.