About the Authors

Jens T. Stieler

jens.stieler@gmx.de

Affiliations Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Torsten Bullmann

Affiliation Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Franziska Kohl

Affiliation Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

Øivind Tøien

Affiliation Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

Martina K. Brückner

Affiliation Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Wolfgang Härtig

Affiliation Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Brian M. Barnes

Affiliation Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

Thomas Arendt

Affiliation Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JTS BB TA. Performed the experiments: JTS TB FK ØT MKB WH. Analyzed the data: JTS TB FK ØT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TB FK ØT BB TA. Wrote the paper: JTS BB TA.