About the Authors

Jairam R. Lingappa

lingappa@uw.edu

Affiliations Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

James P. Hughes

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Richard S. Wang

Affiliation Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jared M. Baeten

Affiliations Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Connie Celum

Affiliations Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Glenda E. Gray

Affiliation Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

Wendy S. Stevens

Affiliations Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

Deborah Donnell

Affiliations Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Mary S. Campbell

Affiliations Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Carey Farquhar

Affiliations Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

M. Essex

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

James I. Mullins

Affiliations Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Robert W. Coombs

Affiliations Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Helen Rees

Affiliation Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

Lawrence Corey

Affiliations Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Anna Wald

Affiliations Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

for the Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study Team

Competing Interests

CC has received research grant support from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), which did not include salary support, and has served on an advisory board for GSK. AW has received grant support from Astellas, GSK, and Antigenics; she has been a consultant for Astellas and AiCuris. LC is a consultant for AiCuris and GenPhar. He is the head of the Scientific Advisory Board of Immune Design and receives financial remuneration for this, including equity shares that are <1% ownership.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JRL JPH JMB CC LC AW. Performed the experiments: JRL JPH RSW JMB CC GEG WSS MSC CF ME HR LC AW. Analyzed the data: JRL JPH RSW JMB CC AW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JRL JPH JMB CC MSC JIM RWC AW. Wrote the paper: JRL JPH JMB CC GEG WSS DD MSC CF ME JIM RWC HR LC AW.