About the Authors

Robert A. Robinson

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Robinson, Becki Lawson

Affiliation British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford, Norfolk, United Kingdom

Becki Lawson

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Robinson, Becki Lawson

becki.lawson@ioz.ac.uk

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom

Mike P. Toms

Affiliation British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford, Norfolk, United Kingdom

Kirsi M. Peck

Affiliation The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, United Kingdom

James K. Kirkwood

Affiliation Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Wheathampstead, United Kingdom

Julian Chantrey

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, South Wirral, United Kingdom

Innes R. Clatworthy

Affiliation Electron Microscopy Unit, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Andy D. Evans

Affiliation The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, United Kingdom

Laura A. Hughes

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, South Wirral, United Kingdom

Oliver C. Hutchinson

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom

Shinto K. John

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom

Tom W. Pennycott

Affiliation Disease Surveillance Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, Ayr, United Kingdom

Matthew W. Perkins

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom

Peter S. Rowley

Affiliation Electron Microscopy Unit, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Vic R. Simpson

Affiliation Wildlife Veterinary Investigation Centre, Truro, United Kingdom

Kevin M. Tyler

Affiliation Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Andrew A. Cunningham

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RR BL JKK AAC. Performed the experiments: BL MPT KMP JC IC ADE LAH SKJ TWP MWP PRR VRS. Analyzed the data: RR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: OCH KT. Wrote the paper: RR BL AAC. Data collection: BL MPT KMP JC IC LAH SKJ TWP MWP PRR VRS. Modelling of data: RR. Research design and coordination: JKK AAC. Supervision of RSPB data collection: ADE. Development of new molecular analytic tools: OCH. Technical assistance: MWP. Supervision of molecular analyses: KT.