About the Authors

Janet Raboud

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Altynay Shigayeva

Affiliation Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Allison McGeer

amcgeer@mtsinai.on.ca

Affiliations Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Erika Bontovics

Affiliation Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Martin Chapman

Affiliations Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Denise Gravel

Affiliation Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Bonnie Henry

Affiliation British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Stephen Lapinsky

Affiliations Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Mark Loeb

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

L. Clifford McDonald

Affiliation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Marianna Ofner

Affiliations Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Shirley Paton

Affiliation Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Donna Reynolds

Affiliation Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Ontario, Canada

Damon Scales

Affiliations Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Sandy Shen

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Andrew Simor

Affiliations Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Thomas Stewart

Affiliations Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Mary Vearncombe

Affiliations Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Dick Zoutman

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Karen Green

Affiliation Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AM EB MC DG BH SEL MBL LCM MO SP DR DS SS AS TES MV DZ KAG. Performed the experiments: AS AM BH DR DS MV KAG. Analyzed the data: JR AS AM BH LCM SS KAG. Wrote the paper: JR AS AM EB BH SEL MO SP DR DS AS TES MV. Obtained funding: DZ.