About the Authors

Beth A. Polidoro

bpolidor@odu.edu

Affiliation IUCN Species Programme/SSC/Conservation International Global Marine Species Assessment, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

Kent E. Carpenter

Affiliation IUCN Species Programme/SSC/Conservation International Global Marine Species Assessment, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

Lorna Collins

Affiliations Center for Global Trends, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom

Norman C. Duke

Affiliation Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

Aaron M. Ellison

Affiliation Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Joanna C. Ellison

Affiliation School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia

Elizabeth J. Farnsworth

Affiliation New England Wild Flower Society, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Edwino S. Fernando

Affiliation Department of Forest Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna, Philippines

Kandasamy Kathiresan

Affiliation Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India

Nico E. Koedam

Affiliation Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

Suzanne R. Livingstone

Affiliation IUCN Species Programme/SSC/Conservation International Global Marine Species Assessment, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

Toyohiko Miyagi

Affiliation Faculty of Liberal Art, Department of Regional Management, Tohoku-Gakuin University, Sendai, Japan

Gregg E. Moore

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences and Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America

Vien Ngoc Nam

Affiliation Faculty of Forestry, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Jin Eong Ong

Affiliation Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

Jurgenne H. Primavera

Affiliation Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines

Severino G. Salmo III

Affiliations Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Jonnell C. Sanciangco

Affiliation IUCN Species Programme/SSC/Conservation International Global Marine Species Assessment, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

Sukristijono Sukardjo

Affiliation Center for Oceanological Research and Development, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia

Yamin Wang

Affiliation College of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, China

Jean Wan Hong Yong

Affiliation Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BP KEC SRL. Performed the experiments: BP KEC NCD AME JCE EF ESF KK NK SRL TM GEM VNN JEO JHP SGSI JS SS YW JWHY. Analyzed the data: BP LC JS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LC NCD AME JCE EF ESF KK NK TM GEM VNN JEO JHP SGSI SS YW JWHY. Wrote the paper: BP.