About the Authors

Angela M. C. Rose

angela.rose@cavehill.uwi.edu

Affiliation Epicentre, Paris, France

Sibylle Gerstl

Affiliation Epicentre, Paris, France

Ali E.-H. Mahamane

Affiliation Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Réseau International des Institut Pasteur, Niamey, Niger

Fati Sidikou

Affiliation Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Réseau International des Institut Pasteur, Niamey, Niger

Saacou Djibo

Affiliation Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Réseau International des Institut Pasteur, Niamey, Niger

Laurence Bonte

Affiliation Médecins sans Frontières, Paris, France

Dominique A. Caugant

Affiliation WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Meningococci, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Philippe J. Guerin

Affiliation Epicentre, Paris, France

Suzanne Chanteau

Affiliation Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Réseau International des Institut Pasteur, Niamey, Niger

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PJG. Performed the experiments: AMR SG AEHM FS SD DAC SC. Analyzed the data: AMR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AEHM FS SD LB DAC SC. Wrote the paper: AMR SG PJG. Refined the protocol methodology: AMR. Co-supervised work in the field: AMR SG. Provided laboratory testing advice in initial protocol stages and throughout project: LB. Commented on draft manuscript: LB DAC. Provided advice throughout the project: DAC. Overall supervision of project: PJG. Overall supervision of confirmatory tests in CERMES laboratory in Niger: SC.