About the Authors

Fiona E. Lovegrove

Affiliation McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Noppadon Tangpukdee

Affiliation Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Robert O. Opoka

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Erin I. Lafferty

Affiliation McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Nimerta Rajwans

Affiliation McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Michael Hawkes

Affiliation McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Srivicha Krudsood

Affiliation Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Sornchai Looareesuwan

† Deceased.

Affiliation Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Chandy C. John

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

W. Conrad Liles

Contributed equally to this work with: W. Conrad Liles, Kevin C. Kain

Affiliations McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Kevin C. Kain

Contributed equally to this work with: W. Conrad Liles, Kevin C. Kain

kevin.kain@uhn.on.ca

Affiliations McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The University Health Network holds intellectual property related to the role of angiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of infectious disease. The authors report no conflict of interest with respect to this manuscript.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FEL NT ROO SK SL CCJ WCL KCK. Performed the experiments: FEL EIL NR. Analyzed the data: FEL MH CCJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NT ROO SK SL CCJ. Wrote the paper: FEL MH CCJ WCL KCK.