About the Authors
- Dennis vanEngelsdorp
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* E-mail: dennis.vanengelsdorp@gmail.com
Affiliations Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry–Apiculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Jerry Hayes Jr.
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Affiliation Florida Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant and Apiary Inspection, Apiary Inspection Section, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Robyn M. Underwood
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Affiliation Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Jeffery Pettis
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Affiliation United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)–ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: Dv JHJ JP. Performed the experiments: JHJ RMU JP. Analyzed the data: Dv RMU. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: Dv. Wrote the paper: Dv JHJ RMU JP.