About the Authors
- Daniel B. DiGiulio
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Affiliations Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Roberto Romero
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Affiliations Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Harold P. Amogan
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Affiliation Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Juan Pedro Kusanovic
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Affiliations Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Elisabeth M. Bik
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Affiliations Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Francesca Gotsch
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Affiliation Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Chong Jai Kim
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Affiliations Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Offer Erez
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Affiliations Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Sam Edwin
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Affiliation Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- David A. Relman
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* E-mail: relman@stanford.edu
Affiliations Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: DBD RR EMB DAR. Performed the experiments: DBD HPA. Analyzed the data: DBD RR HPA JPK EMB FG CJK OE SE DAR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RR DAR. Wrote the paper: DBD RR JPK EMB FG OE SE DAR. Placental pathology diagnosis: CJK. Determination of IL-6 concentrations in amniotic fluid: SE. Collection of data (demographic and clinical): OE FG JPK RR.