About the Authors

Andy Gardner

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: andy.gardner@ed.ac.uk

Affiliations St John's College, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Stuart A. West

Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Ashleigh S. Griffin

Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SW AG ASG. Performed the experiments: AG. Analyzed the data: AG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AG. Wrote the paper: SW AG ASG.