About the Authors

Mireille Plamondon

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

Annie-Claude Labbé

Affiliation Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Eric Frost

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

Sylvie Deslandes

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

Alfredo Claudino Alves

Affiliation Hopital Simao Mendes, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau

Nathalie Bastien

Affiliation Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Jacques Pepin

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jacques.pepin@usherbrooke.ca

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JP MP AL. Performed the experiments: MP AA. Analyzed the data: JP MP AL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AL EF SD NB. Wrote the paper: JP MP AL EF SD NB AA.