About the Authors

Roy R. Chaudhuri

Current address: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Affiliation Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kindgom

Chuan-Peng Ren

Affiliation Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kindgom

Leah Desmond

Affiliation Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom

Gemma A. Vincent

Affiliation Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom

Nigel J. Silman

Affiliation Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom

John K. Brehm

Affiliation Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom

Michael J. Elmore

Affiliation Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom

Michael J. Hudson

Affiliation Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom

Mats Forsman

Affiliation Department of NBC Analysis, Division of NBC Defence, FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden

Karen E. Isherwood

Affiliation Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom

Darina Guryčová

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Medical Facility, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Nigel P. Minton

Affiliations Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Richard W. Titball

Affiliation Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom

Mark J. Pallen

Contributed equally to this work with: Mark J. Pallen, Richard Vipond

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: m.pallen@bham.ac.uk

Affiliation Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kindgom

Richard Vipond

Contributed equally to this work with: Mark J. Pallen, Richard Vipond

Affiliation Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kindgom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MP NM RT RC DL NS JB MH RV LD Rw. Performed the experiments: RC CR DL GV KI RV LD Rw. Analyzed the data: MP RC ME RV Rw. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MF DG DG. Wrote the paper: MP RT RC RV Rw.