About the Authors

Judith Hsia

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jhsia@mfa.gwu.edu

Affiliation Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, D. C., United States of America

JoAnn E Manson

Affiliation Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Lewis Kuller

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Mary Pettinger

Affiliation Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

John H Choe

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Robert D Langer

Affiliation Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Marian Limacher

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Albert Oberman

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Judith Ockene

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mary Jo O'Sullivan

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America

Jennifer G Robinson

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

for the Women's Health Initiative Research

Competing Interests

JGR has received grants from Abbott, Andrx Labs, Astra-Zeneca, Atherogenics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffman La Roche, Merck, Pfizer, Procter and Gamble, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering-Plough, Sankyo, Takeda, and Wyeth Ayerst; has received speaker honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, and Pfizer; and is consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Pfizer, and Proliant. JH, JEM, LK, MP, JHC, RDL, ML, AO, JO, and MJO have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

JEM and AO designed the study. RDL helped design the forms used for data capture and supervised data capture at one of the clinical centers for the study. JH, JEM, RDL, ML, AO, JO, MJO, and JGR enrolled patients. JEM RDL, ML, AO, JO, and MJO collected data or did experiments. ML is the lead investigator for the Women's Health Initiative clinical center at the University of Florida and was responsible for the entry, data submission, and follow-up of over 1,000 women enrolled in either of the two Women's Health Initiative hormone trials. JH, LK, and MP analyzed the data. MJO reviewed the data. JH, JEM, LK, MP, JHC, RDL, ML, AO, JO, MJO, and JGR contributed to the writing of the paper.