Production of the First Effective Hyperimmune Equine Serum Antivenom against Africanized Bees

• Keity Souza Santos,

  Affiliations Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil, Institute for Investigation in Immunology–INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Heart Institute (InCor), LIM-19, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

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• Marco Antonio Stephano,

  Affiliation Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

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• José Roberto Marcelino,

  Affiliation Division of Hyperimmune Plasmas, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

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• Virginia Maria Resende Ferreira,

  Affiliations Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil, Institute for Investigation in Immunology–INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

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• Thalita Rocha,

  Affiliation Medical School, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil

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• Celso Caricati,

  Affiliation Special Pilot Laboratory of Research and Development of Veterinary Immunobiologicals, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

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• Hisako Gondo Higashi,

  Affiliation Institute of Technology of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

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• Ana Maria Moro,

  Affiliations Institute for Investigation in Immunology–INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals in Animal Cells, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

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• Jorge Elias Kalil,

  Affiliations Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil, Institute for Investigation in Immunology–INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Heart Institute (InCor), LIM-19, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

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• Osmar Malaspina,

  Affiliations Institute for Investigation in Immunology–INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Department of Biology/Institute of Biosciences, Center for the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

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• Fabio Fernandes Morato Castro,

  Affiliations Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil, Institute for Investigation in Immunology–INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Heart Institute (InCor), LIM-19, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

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• Mário Sérgio Palma

  * E-mail: mspalma@rc.unesp.br

  Affiliations Institute for Investigation in Immunology–INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Department of Biology/Institute of Biosciences, Center for the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

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