Genetic Evidence Implicates the Immune System and Cholesterol Metabolism in the Aetiology of Alzheimer's Disease

• Lesley Jones ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Lesley Jones, Peter A. Holmans

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Peter A. Holmans ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Lesley Jones, Peter A. Holmans

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Marian L. Hamshere,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Denise Harold,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Valentina Moskvina,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Dobril Ivanov,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Andrew Pocklington,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Richard Abraham,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Paul Hollingworth,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Rebecca Sims,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Amy Gerrish,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Jaspreet Singh Pahwa,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Nicola Jones,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Alexandra Stretton,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Angharad R. Morgan,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Simon Lovestone,

  Affiliation National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, United Kingdom

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• John Powell,

  Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, United Kingdom

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• Petroula Proitsi,

  Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, United Kingdom

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• Michelle K. Lupton,

  Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, United Kingdom

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• Carol Brayne,

  Affiliation Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• David C. Rubinsztein,

  Affiliation Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• Michael Gill,

  Affiliation Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

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• Brian Lawlor,

  Affiliation Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

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• Aoibhinn Lynch,

  Affiliation Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

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• Kevin Morgan,

  Affiliation Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

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• Kristelle S. Brown,

  Affiliation Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

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• Peter A. Passmore,

  Affiliation Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

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• David Craig,

  Affiliation Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

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• Bernadette McGuinness,

  Affiliation Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

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• Stephen Todd,

  Affiliation Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

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• Clive Holmes,

  Affiliation Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

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• David Mann,

  Affiliation Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom

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• A. David Smith,

  Affiliation Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

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• Seth Love,

  Affiliation Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom

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• Patrick G. Kehoe,

  Affiliation Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Simon Mead,

  Affiliation MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Nick Fox,

  Affiliation Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Martin Rossor,

  Affiliation Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• John Collinge,

  Affiliation MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Wolfgang Maier,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Frank Jessen,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Britta Schürmann,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Hendrik van den Bussche,

  Affiliation Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany

  ⨯
• Isabella Heuser,

  Affiliation Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany

  ⨯
• Oliver Peters,

  Affiliation Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany

  ⨯
• Johannes Kornhuber,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany

  ⨯
• Jens Wiltfang,

  Affiliation Landschaftsverband Rheinland-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Martin Dichgans,

  Affiliations Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany, Department of Neurology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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• Lutz Frölich,

  Affiliation Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

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• Harald Hampel,

  Affiliations Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Biomarker Research, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany

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• Michael Hüll,

  Affiliation Centre for Geriatric Medicine and Section of Gerontopsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Medical School, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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• Dan Rujescu,

  Affiliation Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany

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• Alison M. Goate,

  Affiliation Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

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• John S. K. Kauwe,

  Affiliation Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America

  ⨯
• Carlos Cruchaga,

  Affiliation Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

  ⨯
• Petra Nowotny,

  Affiliation Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

  ⨯
• John C. Morris,

  Affiliation Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

  ⨯
• Kevin Mayo,

  Affiliation Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

  ⨯
• Gill Livingston,

  Affiliation Department of Mental Health Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Nicholas J. Bass,

  Affiliation Department of Mental Health Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Hugh Gurling,

  Affiliation Department of Mental Health Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Andrew McQuillin,

  Affiliation Department of Mental Health Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Rhian Gwilliam,

  Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Panos Deloukas,

  Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Ammar Al-Chalabi,

  Affiliation MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Christopher E. Shaw,

  Affiliation MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Andrew B. Singleton,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Rita Guerreiro,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Thomas W. Mühleisen,

  Affiliations Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Markus M. Nöthen,

  Affiliations Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Susanne Moebus,

  Affiliation Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

  ⨯
• Karl-Heinz Jöckel,

  Affiliation Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

  ⨯
• Norman Klopp,

  Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

  ⨯
• H.-Erich Wichmann,

  Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• Eckhard Rüther,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany

  ⨯
• Minerva M. Carrasquillo,

  Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America

  ⨯
• V. Shane Pankratz,

  Affiliation Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

  ⨯
• Steven G. Younkin,

  Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America

  ⨯
• John Hardy,

  Affiliation Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lilla Weston Laboratories, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Michael C. O'Donovan,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Michael J. Owen ,

  * E-mail: williamsj@cf.ac.uk (JW); owenmj@cf.ac.uk (MJO)

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• Julie Williams

  * E-mail: williamsj@cf.ac.uk (JW); owenmj@cf.ac.uk (MJO)

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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