Genetic Determinants of Facial Clefting: Analysis of 357 Candidate Genes Using Two National Cleft Studies from Scandinavia

• Astanand Jugessur ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Astanand Jugessur, Min Shi

  Affiliation Craniofacial Development, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia

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• Min Shi ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Astanand Jugessur, Min Shi

  Affiliation Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Håkon Kristian Gjessing,

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology (EPAM), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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• Rolv Terje Lie,

  Affiliations Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway

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• Allen James Wilcox,

  Affiliation Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Clarice Ring Weinberg,

  Affiliation Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Kaare Christensen,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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• Abee Lowman Boyles,

  Affiliation Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Sandra Daack-Hirsch,

  Affiliation College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

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• Truc Nguyen Trung,

  Affiliation Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway

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• Camilla Bille,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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• Andrew Carl Lidral,

  Affiliation Departments of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

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• Jeffrey Clark Murray

  * E-mail: jeff-murray@uiowa.edu

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Departments of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

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