About the Authors

Haika Osaki

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Gerry Mshana

gmshana@nimr.or.tz

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Mwita Wambura

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Jonathan Grund

Affiliation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Nyasule Neke

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Evodius Kuringe

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Marya Plotkin

Affiliation Jhpiego-an affiliate of John Hopkins University, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Hally Mahler

Affiliation Jhpiego-an affiliate of John Hopkins University, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Fern Terris-Prestholt

Affiliation MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Helen Weiss

Affiliation MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

John Changalucha

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GM MW JG HM MP FT HW JC. Performed the experiments: GM MW HO NN EK. Analyzed the data: GM HO MW. Wrote the paper: GM HO MW NN EK JG HM MP FT HW JC.