About the Authors

David H. Chae

hdchae@umd.edu

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Sean Clouston

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Mark L. Hatzenbuehler

Affiliation Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America

Michael R. Kramer

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Hannah L. F. Cooper

Affiliation Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Sacoby M. Wilson

Affiliation Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Seth I. Stephens-Davidowitz

Affiliation Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Robert S. Gold

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Bruce G. Link

Affiliation Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

During the time of this research, SIS-D was at Harvard University. He was also a quantitative analyst at Google, Inc. SIS-D constructed the area racism measure prior to his affiliation with Google, Inc., and was not with Google, Inc. when the initial version of this manuscript was completed. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. No other potential competing interests or financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DHC SC MLH. Analyzed the data: SC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SC SIS-D BGL. Wrote the paper: DHC SC MLH MRK HLFC SMW SIS-D RSG BGL.