About the Authors

Wiesław Lorkiewicz

wlorkiew@biol.uni.lodz.pl

Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland

Tomasz Płoszaj

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland

Krystyna Jędrychowska-Dańska

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland

Elżbieta Żądzińska

Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland

Dominik Strapagiel

Affiliation Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland

Elżbieta Haduch

Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland

Anita Szczepanek

Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland

Ryszard Grygiel

Affiliation Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography in Łódź, Łódź, Poland

Henryk W. Witas

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HWW. Performed the experiments: TP KJ-D. Wrote the paper: WL HWW. Analysed the genetic data and did the statistical work: WL HWW TP DS. Analyzed the anthropological data, did the statistical work, and prepared the graphs: WL. Collected and analyzed the skeletal material: EH AS RG WL EŻ.