About the Authors

Brian Houle

brian.houle@colorado.edu

Affiliations Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Institute of Behavioral Science (IBS), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

Samuel J. Clark

Affiliations Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Institute of Behavioral Science (IBS), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America, MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana, ALPHA Network, London, United Kingdom

F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé

Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana

Kathleen Kahn

Affiliations Institute of Behavioral Science (IBS), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America, MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana

Stephen M. Tollman

Affiliations Institute of Behavioral Science (IBS), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America, MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BH SJC. Analyzed the data: BH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SMT FXGO KK SJC. Wrote the paper: BH SMT FXGO KK SJC.