About the Authors

Jingru Yi

Contributed equally to this work with: Jingru Yi, Xin M. Liang

Affiliation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China

Xin M. Liang

Contributed equally to this work with: Jingru Yi, Xin M. Liang

Affiliations Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Gang Zhao

ZhaoG@ustc.edu.cn (GZ); he.429@osu.edu (XH)

Affiliation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China

Xiaoming He

ZhaoG@ustc.edu.cn (GZ); he.429@osu.edu (XH)

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Competing Interests

XH is currently an academic editor of PLOS one. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE Editorial policies and criteria.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JY GZ. Performed the experiments: JY. Analyzed the data: JY GZ XML XH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JY GZ. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: JY GZ XML XH. Improved the probability of intracellular ice formation model: GZ XH JY. Manuscript draft: JY. Manuscript editing: XML. Manuscript improvement: GZ XH.