About the Authors

Jonathan M. Levine

jlevine@cvm.tamu.edu

Affiliation Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Noah D. Cohen

Affiliation Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Michael Heller

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Virginia R. Fajt

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Gwendolyn J. Levine

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Sharon C. Kerwin

Affiliation Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Alpa A. Trivedi

Affiliation Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Thomas M. Fandel

Affiliation Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Zena Werb

Affiliation Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Augusta Modestino

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Linda J. Noble-Haeusslein

Affiliations Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JML NDC MH VRF GJL AAT AM ZW LJN. Performed the experiments: JML GJL SCK AM LJN. Analyzed the data: NDC VRF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JML MH AM. Wrote the paper: JML NDC MH VRF GJL SCK AAT TMF ZW AM LJN.