About the Authors

Christopher K. Pham

phamchristopher@uac.pt

Affiliations Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal, Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal

Eva Ramirez-Llodra

Affiliations Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Marine Biology section, Oslo, Norway

Claudia H. S. Alt

Affiliation Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom

Teresa Amaro

Affiliation Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway

Melanie Bergmann

Affiliation Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany

Miquel Canals

Affiliation GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d′Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain

Joan B. Company

Affiliation Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

Jaime Davies

Affiliation Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom

Gerard Duineveld

Affiliation Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands

François Galgani

Affiliation Institut Français de Recherche pour l′Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bastia, France

Kerry L. Howell

Affiliation Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom

Veerle A. I. Huvenne

Affiliation National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom

Eduardo Isidro

Affiliations Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal, Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal

Daniel O. B. Jones

Affiliation National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom

Galderic Lastras

Affiliation GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d′Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain

Telmo Morato

Affiliations Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal, Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal

José Nuno Gomes-Pereira

Affiliations Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal, Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal

Autun Purser

Affiliation OceanLab, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

Heather Stewart

Affiliation British Geological Survey, Murchison House, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Inês Tojeira

Affiliation Portuguese Task Group for the Extension of the Continental Shelf (EMEPC), Paço de Arcos, Portugal

Xavier Tubau

Affiliation GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d′Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain

David Van Rooij

Affiliation Renard Centre of Marine Geology (RCMG), Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium

Paul A. Tyler

Affiliation Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CKP ERL CHSA TA MB MC JBC JD GD FG KLH VAIH EI DOBJ GL TM JNGP AP HS IT XT DVR PT. Performed the experiments: CKP ERL CHSA TA MB MC JBC JD GD FG KLH VAIH EI DOBJ GL TM JNGP AP HS IT XT DVR PT. Analyzed the data: CKP. Wrote the paper: CKP.