About the Authors

Surender Khurana

surender.khurana@fda.hhs.gov (SK); hana.golding@fda.hhs.gov (HG)

Affiliation Division of Viral products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Elizabeth M. Coyle

Affiliation Division of Viral products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Milena Dimitrova

Affiliation Division of Viral products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Flora Castellino

Affiliation Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Srl, Sienna, Italy

Karl Nicholson

Affiliation Department of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Giuseppe Del Giudice

Affiliation Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Srl, Sienna, Italy

Hana Golding

surender.khurana@fda.hhs.gov (SK); hana.golding@fda.hhs.gov (HG)

Affiliation Division of Viral products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

Surender Khurana, Hana Golding, Elizabeth Coyle, and Milena Dimitrova are employees of the US FDA and have no competing interests. Karl Nicholson (Department of Inflammation, Infection, and Immunity, University of Leicester, UK, does not have any competing interests. Giuseppe Del Giudice and Flora Castellino are employees of Novartis vaccines and members of the Translation Medicine group. They provided the blinded samples to the Golding lab and were not involved in the designing, the execution, or the interpretation of the results. MF59 is a registered trademark of Novartis AG. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SK HG. Performed the experiments: SK EMC MD. Analyzed the data: SK EMC MD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SK FC KN GDG. Wrote the paper: SK HG.