About the Authors

Xiaolin Liu

Affiliation Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

B. Douglas Ward

Affiliation Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Jeffrey R. Binder

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Shi-Jiang Li

Affiliation Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Anthony G. Hudetz

ahudetz@mcw.edu

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AGH SJL. Performed the experiments: AGH SJL. Analyzed the data: XL BDW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: XL BDW SJL AGH. Wrote the paper: XL AGH JRB SJL.