About the Authors

David Bar-Or

dbaror@ampiopharma.com

Affiliations Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, Colorado, United States of America, Trauma Research Department, St Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, Colorado, United States of America, Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Greenwood Village, Colorado, United States of America, Rocky Vista University, Aurora Colorado, United States of America

Kristin M. Salottolo

Affiliations Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, Colorado, United States of America, Trauma Research Department, St Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, Colorado, United States of America, Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Greenwood Village, Colorado, United States of America

Holli Loose

Affiliation Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Greenwood Village, Colorado, United States of America

Matthew J. Phillips

Affiliation University Orthopaedic Center, Amherst, New York, United States of America

Brian McGrath

Affiliation University Orthopaedic Center, Amherst, New York, United States of America

Nathan Wei

Affiliation Arthritis Treatment Center, Frederick Maryland, United States of America

James L. Borders

Affiliation Central Kentucky Research Associates, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America

John E. Ervin

Affiliation Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America

Alan Kivitz

Affiliation Altoona Center for Clinical Research, Duncansville, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Mark Hermann

Affiliation Danville Orthopeadic Clinic, Danville Virginia, United States of America

Tammi Shlotzhauer

Affiliation Rochester Medical Research, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Melvin Churchill

Affiliation Physician Research Collaboration, Lincoln Nebraska, United States of America

Donald Slappey

Affiliation Alabama Clinical Therapeutics, LLC, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Vaughan Clift

Affiliation Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Greenwood Village, Colorado, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have the following interests: Financial support for this study was provided by Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the employer of David Bar-Or, Kristin M. Salottolo, Vaughan Clift and Holli Loose who have stock/stock options in the company. David Bar-Or is also a board member, and inventor of patents (not paid) at Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Brian McGrath and Matthew Phillips have stock/stock options in the company. Ampion (LMWF-5A) is a product of Ampio Pharmaceuticals. There are no marketed products related to this work. There are several patents and products in development related to this work. Please see the supporting information file for more details. Donald Slappey is an employee of Alabama Clinical Therapeutics, LLC. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DBO VC HL. Performed the experiments: BM MJP NW JLB JEE AK MH TS MC DS. Analyzed the data: KMS VC. Wrote the paper: KMS DBO.