About the Authors

Michelle T. Hecker

mhecker@metrohealth.org

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Clinton J. Fox

Affiliation School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Andrea H. Son

Affiliation Department of Pharmacy, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Rita K. Cydulka

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Jonathan E. Siff

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Charles L. Emerman

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Ajay K. Sethi

Affiliation Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Christine P. Muganda

Affiliation Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Curtis J. Donskey

Affiliation Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Competing Interests

C.J.D. has received research funding for his institution from Pfizer, Merck, GOJO, and STERIS. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MTH CJD. Performed the experiments: MTH CJF AHS RKC JES CLE. Analyzed the data: MTH AKS CM CJD. Wrote the paper: MTH CJD.