About the Authors

Chunping Liu

Contributed equally to this work with: Chunping Liu, Yoshiaki Tsuda

Affiliations State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China, Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Studies, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Yoshiaki Tsuda

Contributed equally to this work with: Chunping Liu, Yoshiaki Tsuda

Affiliation Program in Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Hailong Shen

shenhl-cf@nefu.edu.cn

Current address: School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China

Lijiang Hu

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China

Yoko Saito

Affiliation Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Studies, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Yuji Ide

Affiliation Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Studies, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HS YI CL YS YT LH. Performed the experiments: CL LH HS. Analyzed the data: CL YT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HS YI. Wrote the paper: CL YT HS. Revised the manuscript: CL YT HS YS YI.