About the Authors

Sarah P. Slight

sslight@partners.org

Affiliations Center for Patient Safety Research and Practice, Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, The University of Durham, Stockton on Tees, Durham, United Kingdom, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Diane L. Seger

Affiliation Partners Healthcare Systems, Inc., Wellesley, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Karen C. Nanji

Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Insook Cho

Affiliations Center for Patient Safety Research and Practice, Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Nursing Department, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea

Nivethietha Maniam

Affiliation Partners Healthcare Systems, Inc., Wellesley, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Patricia C. Dykes

Affiliations Center for Patient Safety Research and Practice, Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Partners Healthcare Systems, Inc., Wellesley, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

David W. Bates

Affiliations Center for Patient Safety Research and Practice, Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Partners Healthcare Systems, Inc., Wellesley, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors declare their affiliation to Partners Healthcare Systems, Inc. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SPS DWB. Performed the experiments: SPS DLS KCN IC. Analyzed the data: SPS DLS KCN IC NM PCD DWB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DLS. Wrote the manuscript: SPS. Analysis and interpretation of data: SPS DLS KCN IC NM PCD DWB
. Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content: SPS DLS KCN IC NM PCD DWB

. Final approval of the version to be published: SPS DLS KCN IC NM PCD DWB.