About the Authors

Caitlin Campbell

Contributed equally to this work with: Caitlin Campbell, Dmitry Grapov

Affiliation USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America

Dmitry Grapov

Contributed equally to this work with: Caitlin Campbell, Dmitry Grapov

Affiliation West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Oliver Fiehn

sean.h.adams@ars.usda.gov (SHA); ofiehn@ucdavis.edu (OF)

Affiliations West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Carol J. Chandler

Affiliation USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America

Dustin J. Burnett

Affiliation USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America

Elaine C. Souza

Affiliation USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America

Gretchen A. Casazza

Affiliation Sports Medicine Program, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States of America

Mary B. Gustafson

Affiliation USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America

Nancy L. Keim

Affiliations USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

John W. Newman

Affiliations USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Gary R. Hunter

Affiliations Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America, Human Studies Department, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Jose R. Fernandez

Affiliation Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

W. Timothy Garvey

Affiliation Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Mary-Ellen Harper

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Charles L. Hoppel

Affiliation Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

John K. Meissen

Affiliation Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Kohei Take

Affiliation Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Sean H. Adams

sean.h.adams@ars.usda.gov (SHA); ofiehn@ucdavis.edu (OF)

Affiliations USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SHA OF NLK JWN WTG GRH JRF MEH CLH. Performed the experiments: CC OF CJC DJB ECS GAC MBG JKM KT SHA. Wrote the paper: SHA CC DG. Conceived of and designed the OGTT metabolomics experiments: SHA OF. Analyzed samples and/or interpreted results: CC DG OF SHA. Final edits and approval of final version of the manuscript: CC DG OF CJC DJB ECS GAC MBG NLK JWN GRH JRF WTG MEH CLH JKM KT SHA.