About the Authors

R. Drew Carleton

Drew.Carleton@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca

Affiliations Canadian Forest Service–Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, Forest Protection Limited, Lincoln, New Brunswick, Canada

Stephen B. Heard

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada

Peter J. Silk

Affiliation Canadian Forest Service–Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors recognize Forest Protection Limited as a commercial funding source and the employer of R. Drew Carleton as well as providing in-kind contributions to this research program. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RDC SBH. Performed the experiments: RDC. Analyzed the data: RDC SBH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RDC SBH PJS. Wrote the paper: RDC SBH PJS. Project coordinator: PJS. Protocol approval: PJS.