About the Authors

Peng Li

Affiliations Research Center of Psychological Development and Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China, School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China

Yue Shen

Affiliation Institute of Neuroinformatics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China

Xue Sui

Affiliations Research Center of Psychological Development and Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China, School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China

Changming Chen

Affiliation School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

Tingyong Feng

Affiliation School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

Hong Li

lihong@lnnu.edu.cn (HL); holroyd@uvic.ca (CH)

Affiliations Research Center of Psychological Development and Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China, School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China

Clay Holroyd

lihong@lnnu.edu.cn (HL); holroyd@uvic.ca (CH)

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PL CH. Performed the experiments: PL HL. Analyzed the data: YS XS CC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TF. Wrote the manuscript: PL HL CH.