About the Authors

Oliver Laeyendecker

Contributed equally to this work with: Oliver Laeyendecker, Michal Kulich

olaeyen1@jhmi.edu

Affiliations National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Michal Kulich

Contributed equally to this work with: Oliver Laeyendecker, Michal Kulich

Affiliation Department of Probability and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Deborah Donnell

Affiliation Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Arnošt Komárek

Affiliation Department of Probability and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Marek Omelka

Affiliation Department of Probability and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Caroline E. Mullis

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Greg Szekeres

Affiliation UCLA Program in Global Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Estelle Piwowar-Manning

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Agnes Fiamma

Affiliation UCLA Program in Global Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Ronald H. Gray

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Tom Lutalo

Affiliation Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Charles S. Morrison

Affiliation Clinical Sciences, Family Health International, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Robert A. Salata

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Tsungai Chipato

Affiliation University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

Connie Celum

Affiliation Department of Global Health, Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Erin M. Kahle

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Taha E. Taha

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Newton I. Kumwenda

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Quarraisha Abdool Karim

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research In South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa

Vivek Naranbhai

Affiliation Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research In South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa

Jairam R. Lingappa

Affiliation Departments of Global Health, Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Michael D. Sweat

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America

Thomas Coates

Affiliation UCLA Program in Global Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Susan H. Eshleman

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: OL MK DD SHE. Performed the experiments: OL CEM EP-M SHE. Analyzed the data: MK AK MO DD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: OL MK DD AK MO CEM GS EP-M AF RHG TL CSM RAS TC CC EMK TET NIK QAK VN JRL MDS TC SHE. Wrote the paper: OL MK DD AK MO CEM GS EP-M AF RHG TL CSM RAS TC CC EMK TET NIK QAK VN JRL MDS TC SHE.