About the Authors

Amy S. Biddle

abiddle@microbio.umass.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Samuel J. Black

Affiliations Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jeffrey L. Blanchard

Affiliations Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America, Graduate Program in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ASB SJB JLB. Performed the experiments: ASB. Analyzed the data: ASB JLB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ASB JLB. Wrote the manuscript: ASB.