Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-Associated Deaths and Hospitalizations among Ontario Residents Aged ≥65 Years: Estimates with Generalized Linear Models Accounting for Healthy Vaccinee Effects

Benjamin J. Ridenhour; Michael A. Campitelli; Jeffrey C. Kwong; Laura C. Rosella; Ben G. Armstrong; Punam Mangtani; Andrew J. Calzavara; David K. Shay

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076318

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Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-Associated Deaths and Hospitalizations among Ontario Residents Aged ≥65 Years: Estimates with Generalized Linear Models Accounting for Healthy Vaccinee Effects

Benjamin J. Ridenhour ,

* E-mail: ridenhour.1@nd.edu

Affiliations Influenza Division, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
⨯
Michael A. Campitelli,

Affiliation Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
⨯
Jeffrey C. Kwong,

Affiliations Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
⨯
Laura C. Rosella,

Affiliations Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
⨯
Ben G. Armstrong,

Affiliation Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
⨯
Punam Mangtani,

Affiliations Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
⨯
Andrew J. Calzavara,

Affiliation Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
⨯
David K. Shay

Affiliation Influenza Division, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
⨯

Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-Associated Deaths and Hospitalizations among Ontario Residents Aged ≥65 Years: Estimates with Generalized Linear Models Accounting for Healthy Vaccinee Effects

Benjamin J. Ridenhour,
Michael A. Campitelli,
Jeffrey C. Kwong,
Laura C. Rosella,
Ben G. Armstrong,
Punam Mangtani,
Andrew J. Calzavara,
David K. Shay

Published: October 16, 2013
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076318

About the Authors

Benjamin J. Ridenhour

* E-mail: ridenhour.1@nd.edu

Affiliations Influenza Division, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America

Michael A. Campitelli

Affiliation Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jeffrey C. Kwong

Affiliations Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Laura C. Rosella

Affiliations Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Ben G. Armstrong

Affiliation Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Punam Mangtani

Affiliations Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Andrew J. Calzavara

Affiliation Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

David K. Shay

Affiliation Influenza Division, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Shay is a member of the PLOS ONE Editorial Board. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BJR DKS JCK LCR MAC PM BGA. Analyzed the data: BJR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AJC. Wrote the paper: BJR MAC JCK DKS.

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Influenza
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Vaccination and immunization
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Viral vaccines
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Vaccines
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Influenza viruses
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Ontario
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Influenza A virus
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