About the Authors

Leonardo Potenza

Contributed equally to this work with: Leonardo Potenza, Daniela Vallerini, Patrizia Barozzi, Giovanni Riva, Fabio Forghieri

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Daniela Vallerini

Contributed equally to this work with: Leonardo Potenza, Daniela Vallerini, Patrizia Barozzi, Giovanni Riva, Fabio Forghieri

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Patrizia Barozzi

Contributed equally to this work with: Leonardo Potenza, Daniela Vallerini, Patrizia Barozzi, Giovanni Riva, Fabio Forghieri

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Giovanni Riva

Contributed equally to this work with: Leonardo Potenza, Daniela Vallerini, Patrizia Barozzi, Giovanni Riva, Fabio Forghieri

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Fabio Forghieri

Contributed equally to this work with: Leonardo Potenza, Daniela Vallerini, Patrizia Barozzi, Giovanni Riva, Fabio Forghieri

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Anne Beauvais

Affiliation Unitè des Aspergillus, Pasteur Institut, Paris, France

Remi Beau

Affiliation Unitè des Aspergillus, Pasteur Institut, Paris, France

Anna Candoni

Affiliation Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Udine, Italy

Johan Maertens

Affiliation Department of Hematology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium

Giulio Rossi

Affiliation Section of Histopathology, IRCCS/Arcispedale S.Maria Nuova Reggio, Emilia, Italy

Monica Morselli

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Eleonora Zanetti

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Chiara Quadrelli

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Mauro Codeluppi

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Clinics, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Giovanni Guaraldi

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Clinics, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Livio Pagano

Affiliation Department of Hematology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Morena Caira

Affiliation Department of Hematology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Cinzia Del Giovane

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Monica Maccaferri

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Alessandro Stefani

Affiliation Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Uliano Morandi

Affiliation Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Giovanni Tazzioli

Affiliation Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Massimo Girardis

Affiliation Division of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Mario Delia

Affiliation Hematology Department, DAP, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

Giorgina Specchia

Affiliation Hematology Department, DAP, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

Giuseppe Longo

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Roberto Marasca

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Franco Narni

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Francesco Merli

Affiliation Division of Hematology, IRCCS/Arcispedale S.Maria Nuova Reggio, Emilia, Italy

Annalisa Imovilli

Affiliation Division of Hematology, IRCCS/Arcispedale S.Maria Nuova Reggio, Emilia, Italy

Giovanni Apolone

Affiliation Division of Hematology, IRCCS/Arcispedale S.Maria Nuova Reggio, Emilia, Italy

Agostinho Carvalho

Affiliation Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Patrizia Comoli

Affiliation Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Transplantation, IRCCS S. Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy

Luigina Romani

Affiliation Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Jean Paul Latgè

Affiliation Unitè des Aspergillus, Pasteur Institut, Paris, France

Mario Luppi

leonardo.potenza@unimore.it

Affiliation Section of Hematology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy

Competing Interests

M. Luppi serves in Advisory Boards for Merck Sharp & Dohme and Gilead Sciences, and received honoraria from these two pharmaceutical industries and from Pfizer and Nanogen. L. Potenza serves in an Advisory Board for Merck Sharp & Dohme. M. Luppi, L. Potenza and P. Barozzi have applied for a European patent regarding clinical applications of the ELISpot assay for the diagnosis of Aspergillus infection [PCT: WO2008/075395A3, EP2094295, IT2007/000867]. M. Luppi, L. Potenza, D. Vallerini, P. Barozzi and F. Forghieri have applied for an Italian patent regarding clinical applications of the ELISpot assay for the diagnosis of Mucorales infection (number MI2010A002224). This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. All the other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: L. Potenza ML. Performed the experiments: DV PB G. Riva G. Rossi AB RB EZ CQ. Analyzed the data: CDG GA A. Carvalho LR JPL. Wrote the paper: L. Potenza ML. Provided well-characterized patient samples: FF A. Candoni JM M. Morselli M. Codeluppi GG L. Pagano M. Caira M. Maccaferri MG MD GS GL RM FM AI FN PC AS UM GT. Critically revised the manuscript: FF A. Candoni JM M. Morselli M. Codeluppi GG L. Pagano M. Caira M. Maccaferri MG MD GS GL RM FM AI FN PC AS UM GT.