About the Authors

Humberto F. Boncristiani

humbfb@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America

Jay D. Evans

Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Yanping Chen

Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Jeff Pettis

Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Charles Murphy

Affiliation Soybean Genomics and Improvement, Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Dawn L. Lopez

Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Michael Simone-Finstrom

Affiliation Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

Micheline Strand

Affiliation United States Army Research Office, Division of Life Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

David R. Tarpy

Affiliation Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

Olav Rueppell

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HFB. Performed the experiments: HFB MSF CM. Analyzed the data: HFB OR JE. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HFB OR DT DL YC JE JP MS. Wrote the paper: HFB OR.