About the Authors

Ping-I Lin

Affiliations Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Po-Hsiu Kuo

Affiliation Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan

Chia-Hsiang Chen

Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan

Jer-Yuarn Wu

Affiliations Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

Susan S-F. Gau

gaushufe@ntu.edu.tw

Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychology, and School of Occupational Therapy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Yu-Yu Wu

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital- Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

Shih-Kai Liu

Affiliation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Taoyuan Mental Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PL SSG. Performed the experiments: CC JW. Analyzed the data: PL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PK CC JW YW. Wrote the paper: PL SSG. SSG, YW, and SL conducted clinical diagnosis and helped recruit the patients. PK critically reviewed and revised the manuscript.