About the Authors

Leanne Thomas

Affiliation School of Life & Health Sciences & Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Anne Bielemeier

Affiliation School of Life & Health Sciences & Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Peter A. Lambert

Affiliation School of Life & Health Sciences & Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Richard P. Darveau

Affiliation Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Lindsay J. Marshall

Affiliation School of Life & Health Sciences & Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Andrew Devitt

a.devitt1@aston.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Life & Health Sciences & Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LT AB PAL LJM AD. Performed the experiments: LT AB. Analyzed the data: LT AB LJM AD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RPD. Wrote the manuscript: LJM AD.