About the Authors
- Christina Bächle
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Contributed equally to this work with: Christina Bächle, Andrea Icks, Reinhard W. Holl, Joachim Rosenbauer
* E-mail: christina.baechle@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de
Affiliation Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Andrea Icks
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Contributed equally to this work with: Christina Bächle, Andrea Icks, Reinhard W. Holl, Joachim Rosenbauer
Affiliations Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Klaus Straßburger
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Affiliation Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Marion Flechtner-Mors
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Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Andreas Hungele
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Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Peter Beyer
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Affiliation Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Oberhausen, Germany
- Kerstin Placzek
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Affiliation Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Martin-Luther University, Halle, Germany
- Ulrich Hermann
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Affiliation Pediatric Diabetes Practice, Reutlingen, Germany
- Andrea Schumacher
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Affiliation Clinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Klinik am Eichert, Göppingen, Germany
- Markus Freff
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Affiliation Princess Margaret Children's Clinic, Darmstadt, Germany
- Anna Stahl-Pehe
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Affiliation Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Reinhard W. Holl
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Contributed equally to this work with: Christina Bächle, Andrea Icks, Reinhard W. Holl, Joachim Rosenbauer
Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Joachim Rosenbauer
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Contributed equally to this work with: Christina Bächle, Andrea Icks, Reinhard W. Holl, Joachim Rosenbauer
Affiliation Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- on behalf of the DPV Initiative and the German BMBF Competence Network Diabetes Mellitus
Competing Interests
The DPV initiative is supported by a research grant from Novo Nordisk Germany. The grant supports the establishment and the further development of the DPV database. The authors' analysis was not financially supported by Novo Nordisk and is independent of any commercial funders. This fact does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: CB AI JR. Analyzed the data: KS RWH JR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MFM AH RWH. Wrote the paper: CB. Assisted in the analyses: CB. Contributed to the discussion: AI PB JR. Reviewed the manuscript: AI KS MFM PB MF UH KP AS ASP RWH JR.