About the Authors

Nicola A. Desmond

ndesmond@liverpool.ac.uk

Affiliations Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Deborah Nyirenda

Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi

Queen Dube

Affiliation Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi

MacPherson Mallewa

Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi

Elizabeth Molyneux

Affiliation Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi

David G. Lalloo

Affiliation Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Robert S. Heyderman

Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ND QD MM EM DL RH. Performed the experiments: DN ND. Analyzed the data: ND QD DN RH. Wrote the paper: ND. Critical review of article drafts: DN QD MM EM DL RH.