About the Authors

Michel Garenne

michel.garenne@pasteur.fr

Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Institut Pasteur, Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Paris, France, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMI Résiliences, Centre Ile de France, Bondy, France

Kathleen Kahn

Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, INDEPTH Network, East Legon, Accra, Ghana

Mark Collinson

Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, INDEPTH Network, East Legon, Accra, Ghana

Xavier Gómez-Olivé

Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, INDEPTH Network, East Legon, Accra, Ghana

Stephen Tollman

Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, INDEPTH Network, East Legon, Accra, Ghana

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Designed the software used in analysis: MC AL CS. Obtained permission for use of cell line: MC AL. Conceived and designed the experiments: MG KK ST. Performed the experiments: MC XG. Analyzed the data: MG KK ST. Wrote the paper: MG.