About the Authors

Lisa A. McConnachie

Contributed equally to this work with: Lisa A. McConnachie, Dianne Botta

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Dianne Botta

Contributed equally to this work with: Lisa A. McConnachie, Dianne Botta

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Collin C. White

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Chad S. Weldy

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Hui-Wen Wilkerson

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jianbo Yu

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Russell Dills

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Xiaozhong Yu

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

William C. Griffith

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Elaine M. Faustman

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Federico M. Farin

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Sean E. Gill

Current address: Department of Medicine, Centre for Critical Illness Research, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

William C. Parks

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Xiaoge Hu

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Xiaohu Gao

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

David L. Eaton

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Terrance J. Kavanagh

tjkav@uw.edu

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LAM DB EMF WCP FF XG DLE TJK. Performed the experiments: LAM DB CCW CSW HWW JY RD SEG XH TJK. Analyzed the data: LAM DB WCG SEG EMF TJK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: XH XG XY WCG. Wrote the paper: LAM CSW HWW WCG SEG DLE TJK.