About the Authors

Christopher J. Fox

Affiliations Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America, Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

Shane T. Mueller

Affiliation Department of Cognitive and Learning Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States of America

Hilary M. Gray

Affiliations Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America, Department of Counselor Education, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

Jacob Raber

Affiliations Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

Brian J. Piper

piperbj@husson.edu

Affiliations Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Husson University, Bangor, Maine, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BJP STM HMG CJF. Performed the experiments: HMG BJP. Analyzed the data: CJF STM BJP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: STM JR. Wrote the paper: CJF BJP STM. Designed software and wrote BCST macro to separate early and late trials: STM.