About the Authors

Yih-Giun Cherng

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, affiliated with Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

Chien-Chang Liao

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Tso-Hsiao Chen

Affiliation Department of Nephrology, Wan Fang Medical Center, affiliated with Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

Duan Xiao

Affiliation Department of Coloproctology, the Second People’s Hospital of Shi-Fang City, Shi-Fang City, Sichuan Province, People Republic of China

Chih-Hsiung Wu

Contributed equally to this work with: Chih-Hsiung Wu, Ta-Liang Chen

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, affiliated with Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan

Ta-Liang Chen

Contributed equally to this work with: Chih-Hsiung Wu, Ta-Liang Chen

tlc@tmu.edu.tw

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YGC CCL TLC. Performed the experiments: CCL CHW TLC. Analyzed the data: YGC CCL THC DX CHW TLC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CCL DX CHW TLC. Wrote the paper: YGC TLC.