About the Authors

Takeshi Chiyomaru

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Soichiro Yamamura

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Shinichiro Fukuhara

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Hideo Hidaka

Affiliation Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

Shahana Majid

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Sharanjot Saini

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Sumit Arora

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Guoren Deng

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Varahram Shahryari

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Inik Chang

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Yuichiro Tanaka

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Z. Laura Tabatabai

Affiliation Department of Pathology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Hideki Enokida

Affiliation Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

Naohiko Seki

Affiliation Department of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

Masayuki Nakagawa

Affiliation Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

Rajvir Dahiya

rdahiya@urology.ucsf.edu

Affiliation Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

Co-author Rajvir Dahiya is a PLOS ONE Editorial Board member. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TC HE NS MN RD. Performed the experiments: TC SY HH. Analyzed the data: TC HH NS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SF SM SS SA GD VS IC YT ZLT NS MN. Wrote the paper: TC RD.