About the Authors

Joshua Kimani

jkimani@csrtkenya.org

Affiliations Kenya AIDS Control Project, Universities of Manitoba/Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Lyle R. McKinnon

Affiliations Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Charles Wachihi

Affiliation Kenya AIDS Control Project, Universities of Manitoba/Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Judith Kusimba

Affiliation Kenya AIDS Control Project, Universities of Manitoba/Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Gloria Gakii

Affiliation Kenya AIDS Control Project, Universities of Manitoba/Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Sarah Birir

Affiliation Global AIDS Program, CDC, Nairobi, Kenya

Mercy Muthui

Affiliation National AIDS & STI Control Programme (NASCOP), Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya

Anthony Kariri

Affiliation Kenya AIDS Control Project, Universities of Manitoba/Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Festus K. Muriuki

Affiliation Kenya AIDS Control Project, Universities of Manitoba/Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Nicholas Muraguri

Affiliation Global AIDS Program, CDC, Nairobi, Kenya

Helgar Musyoki

Affiliation Global AIDS Program, CDC, Nairobi, Kenya

T. Blake Ball

Affiliations Kenya AIDS Control Project, Universities of Manitoba/Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada

Rupert Kaul

Affiliations Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Lawrence Gelmon

Affiliations Kenya AIDS Control Project, Universities of Manitoba/Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: J. Kimani CW J. Kusimba GG SB MM AK FM NM HM TBB RK LG. Performed the experiments: J. Kimani LRM CW J. Kusimba GG AK FM. Analyzed the data: LRM J. Kimani J. Kusimba AK FM. Wrote the paper: J. Kimani LRM CW J. Kusimba GG SB MM AK FM NM HM TBB RK LG.